Jacobs states: It is easy to observe the overall health and psychological consequences of life in captivity for these animals. Many captive elephants suffer from arthritis, obesity, or skin problems.

Scientists now believe that all mammals and birds — even the octopus — are conscious beings, capable of thinking, feeling emotion and suffering. That's creating a sea change in attitudes toward the ...

Source: Cambridge University Press, with permission. "The goods that animals value stand in stark relief against the lives that we force on them." Lori Gruen and Justin Marceau are two of the world's ...