These differences are particularly relevant to LES function, where both initial and sustained contraction may occur as part of normal LES function.

A right thoracoscopic myotomy extending from the diaphragm to the thoracic inlet is the preferred procedure for patients who have nutcracker esophagus or diffuse esophageal spasm involving the ...

Foods like chocolate, alcohol and fatty foods affect LES function, too, so if you take your medication with a meal containing these ingredients, you’re more likely to experience heartburn afterward.