With the successful launch of the new data portal—the National Summary Data Page (NSDP) — the Democratic Republic of Congo has implemented a key recommendation of the IMF’s Enhanced General Data ...

Effective cash management is essential for enhancing fiscal discipline in Zambia, yet it faces significant challenges. With programmatic capacity development support from the IMF the authorities are ...

Greece has coped with large current account deficits and negative net foreign assets for a long time. Now, the country has an opportunity to address this vulnerability through the European Union’s ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation This paper introduces a classification framework to analyze central bank communications across four dimensions: topic, ...

Lithuania has proved resilient to multiple shocks in recent years. However, new challenges are emerging—including further increases in defense expenditure adding to the existing long-term spending ...

The Spanish economy has been performing strongly, supported by services exports and labor force growth. Growth is expected to remain significantly above the euro area average in the near term, before ...

When controlled by a select few, tech innovation can be self-serving and undermine the institutions that make it possible, ...

Increased trade integration helped fuel a spectacular rise in global living standards. Lower trade costs increased global GDP ...

The Spanish economy has been performing strongly, propelled by services exports and labor force growth, including immigration. Growth is projected to reach2.5 percent in 2025, before slowing as its ...

Romania’s medium-term fiscal framework calls for the fiscal deficit to decline gradually from about 8 percent of GDP in 2024 to 7 percent in 2025 and 3 percent (or less) by 2031. With limited scope ...

At the authorities’ request, an International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission led by Ernesto Ramirez Rigo visited Lebanon from May 28 to June 5, 2025, to initiate discussions on policies and a reform ...

The EU has sought to diversify access to critical minerals through trade agreements. But these remain vulnerable to a ...