Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the ...

There are "costs of life" that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...

A new JSTAT study shows how to compute the minimum energy cells use to sustain certain metabolic pathways while suppressing ...

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Objective To determine if any differences exist between the rolling averages and exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA) models of acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) calculation and subsequent ...

Pupil dilation provides a physiological readout of information gain during the brain's internal process of belief updating in the context of associative learning.

In pressure relief systems, accurately estimating temperature changes during fluid flow is vital for relief piping ...