By at least the 9th century BCE, ancient armies had perfected the use of siege towers tall enough to reach or exceed enemy walls. These mobile structures rolled forward on wheels, shielding soldiers inside with thick wood and animal hides. Once in position, a bridge dropped from the tower, allowing troops to storm the walls directly and bypass traditional defenses. This combination of height, protection, and tactical innovation made siege towers a formidable tool in warfare, showcasing how engin